Abstract:

Introduction: treatment of splenic artery aneurysms is a complex and urgent task of modern surgery. With the development of endovascular techniques, it became possible to use fundamentally new minimally invasive methods for correction of this pathology, the essence of which is to exclude the aneurysm from the blood flow by embolization.

Case report: the article presents a case report of a young female patient without previous anamnesis, during regular examination, in which ultrasound examination, subsequent CT examination and angiography revealed saccular aneurysm of the proximal third of the splenic artery sized 22?24 mm.

Patient underwent successful endovascular embolization of aneurysm with microcoils and Onyx adhesive composition using balloon assistance performed through the transradial vascular access.

Conclusion: world experience and presented case report indicate high efficiency and relative safety of endovascular embolization of splenic artery aneurysms even under the condition of pathological vessel tortuosity, which significantly complicates the intervention, and also demonstrate the advantages of using transradial access in such anatomically difficult situations.

References

1.     Pitton MB, Dappa E, Jungmann F, et al. Visceral artery aneurysms: Incidence, management, and outcome analysis in a tertiary care center over one decade. Eur. Radiol. 2015; 25: 2004-2014.

2.     Kassem MM, Gonzalez L. Splenic Artery Aneurysm. StatPearls Publishing. 2021. Available from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430849/

3.     Mesbahi M, Zouaghi A, Zaafouri H, et al. Surgical management of splenic artery aneurysm. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021; 69: 102712.

4.     Lakin RO, Bena JF, Sarac TP, et al. The contemporary management of splenic artery aneurysms. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2011; 53: 958-965.

5.     Veluppillai C, Perreve S, de Kerviler B, Ducarme G. Splenic arterial aneurysm and pregnancy: A review. Presse Med. 2015; 44(10): 991-4.

6.     T?treau R, Beji H, Henry L, et al. Arterial splanchnic aneurysms: Presentation, treatment and outcome in 112 patients. Diagn. Interv. Imaging. 2016; 97: 81-90.

7.     Patel A, Weintraub JL, Nowakowski FS, et al. Single-center experience with elective transcatheter coil embolization of splenic artery aneurysms: technique and midterm follow-up. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2012; 23: 893-899.

8.     Hogendoorn W, Lavida A, Hunink MG, et al. Open repair, endovascular repair, and conservative management of true splenic artery aneurysms. J. Vasc. Surg. 2014; 60: 1667-1676.

9.     Reed NR, Oderich GS, Manunga J, et al. Feasibility of endovascular repair of splenic artery aneurysms using stent grafts. J Vasc Surg. 2015; 62(6): 1504-10.

10.   Posham R, Biederman DM, Patel RS, et al. Transradial approach for noncoronary interventions: a single-center review of safety and feasibility in the first 1,500 cases. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2015; 27(2): 159-166.

Abstract

Aim: was to explore clinical efficacy and safety of two distal radial approach (DRA) types in primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

Materials and methods: 113 ACS patients with endovascular procedure that had been performed through DRA - met entry criteria. Standard DRA was performed within anatomic snuffbox in 82 patients (72,6%) and modified - on the dorsal surface of the palm (dorsopalmar type) in 31 patients (27,4%). Approach conversion was performed in 7 patients (6,2%). PCI on syndrome- related artery was performed in 94 patients (83,2%). On completion of PCI and final approach angiography, hemostasis was performed with bandage application for 6 hours. Hemostasis comfort was determined by 10 point verbal descriptor Gaston-Johansson scale. On the 5th-7th day after PCI, all patients underwent visual check, palpation and ultrasound duplex scan (UDS).

Results: procedure and fluoroscopy time, X-ray load, hemostasis comfort - didn't depend on DRA type. Examination, palpation, UDS performed on the 5th-7th day after PCI didn't reveal cases of forearm radial artery occlusion (RAO). Subcutaneous forearm hematoma (EASY III - IV) was registered in 3 cases (2,7%). RAO was registered in standard DRA group only in 4 cases (3,5%). There were no cases of access side RAO in dorsopalmar DRA group.

Conclusion: DRA modifications for PCI in ACS patients are valuable addition to classic radial approach. Dorsopalmar DRA can be considered as basic approach.

References

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3.     Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S. et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur. Heart J. 2018; 39 (2): 119-77.

4.     Neumann F.J., Sousa-Uva M., Ahlsson A. et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur. Heart J. 2018; Aug. 25.

5.     Valgimigli M, Gagnor A, Calabro P. et al. MATRIX Investigators. Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: A randomised multicentre trial. Lancet. 2015; 385:2465-2476.

6.     Bazemore E, Tift Man J, Problems and Complications of the Transradial Approach for Coronary Interventions: A Review Issue Number J Invasive Cardiol. 2005 Mar;17(3):156-9.

7.     Stawin J, Kubler P, Szczepanski A. et al. (2013). Radial artery occlusion after percutaneous coronary interventions - an underestimated issue. Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej. 2013 18; 9(4):353-61. Epub 2013 Nov 18.

8.     Avdikos G, Karatasakis A, Tsoumeleas A. et al. Radial artery occlusion after transradial coronary catheterization. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2017; 7(3):305-316.

9.     Kotowycz MA, DГlavнk V. Radial artery patency after transradial catheterization. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2012; 5:127-33.

10.   Karpov YA, Samko AN, Buza VV. Coronary angioplasty and stenting. Moscow, 2010; 235 [In Russ].

11.   Babunashvili A, Dundua D. Recanalization and reuse of early occluded radial artery within 6 days after previous transradial diagnostic procedure. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011; 77 (4): 530-6.

12.   Kaledin AL, Kochanov IN, Seletskiy SS. et al. Peculiarities of arterial access in endovascular surgery in elderly patients. Uspekhi Gerontologii. 2014; 27 (1): 115-9 [In Russ].

13.   Kiemeneij F. Left distal transradial access in the anatomical snuffbox for coronary angiography (ldTRA) and interventions (ldTRI). EuroIntervention. 2017; 13 (7): 851-7.

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15.   Valsecchi O, Vassileva A, Cereda AF. et al. Early clinical experience with right and left distal transradial access in the anatomical snuffbox in 52 consecutive patients. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2018; 30(6): 218-23.

16.   Soydan E, Akin M. Coronary angiography using the left distal radial approach - an alternative site to conventional radial coronary angiography. Anatol. J. Cardiol. 2018; 19: 243-248. Mar. 21.

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18.   Kaledin AL, Kochanov IN, Podmetin PS., et al. Distal part of the radial artery for endovascular interventions. Endоskulyarnaya khirurgiya. 2017; 4(2): 125-133 [In Russ].

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21.   Bertrand OF. Acute forearm muscle swelling post transradial catheterization and compartment syndrome: prevention is better than treatment! Catheter Cardio Interv. 2010; 75:366-8.

22.   Radial access for percutaneous coronary procedure: relationship between operator expertise and complications. Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2018 Jun; 5(2): 95-99.

23.   Rafael J Ruiz-Salmeryna, Ramyn Moraa, Manuel Velez-Gimyna et al. Radial Artery Spasm in Transradial Cardiac Catheterization. Assessment of Factors Related to Its Occurrence, and of Its Consequences During Follow-Up. Revista Espanola de cardiologia. 2005; 58(5): 465610.

Abstract:

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms, results of treatment of which remain extremely unsatisfactory, in view of the low (20%) possibility of tumor resectability A relatively new method of treatment of pancreatic cancer, which showed in practice an increase in tumor resectability in patients with borderline resectable forms of the disease and an increase ir survival mediana of inoperable patients is transartorial chemoembolization (TACE).of pancreatic arteries.

Authors first used transradial vascular access for TACE of a malignant pancreatic tumor.

As the first stage of the intervention - performed redistribution embolization of the right gastroomental artery distally to branches feeding the tumor, with two pushable coils Azur (Terumo) sized 4x60 mm and 5x60 mm in order to prevent embolization of non-target vessels and achieve total embolization of the tumor.

The second stage - performed chemoembolization with lipiodol - 5 ml and gemcitabine - 1000 mg, as a result - accumulation of chemotherapy in the head of the pancreas.

The duration of the procedure and the radiation dose in the patient were 52 minutes, respectively and 0.57 mSv and were comparable to those for similar interventions through transfemoral access. At the same time, all the main advantages of access through the radial artery remained, including: a higher level of psychological and functional comfort for the patient, its early activation and a minimal risk of vascular complications. The patient's discharge was made on the 10th day after the intervention. 

References

1.    Kubyshkin V.A., Vishnevskiy V.A. Rak podzheludochnoi zhelezy [Pancreatic cancer]. Moscow. 2003: 375 [In Russ].

2.     Nitecki S.S., Sarr M.G., Colby T.V. et al. Long-term survival after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Is it really improving? Ann. of Surg. 1995; 221(1):59-66

3.     Ishikawa O., Ohigashi H., Imaoka S. et al. Is the longterm survival rate improved by preoperative irradiation prior to Whipple’s procedure for adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head? Arch. Surg. 1994; 129(10):1075-1080.

4.     Pavlovskiy A.V. Maslyanaya khimioembolizatsiya arteriy podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri mestnorasprostranennom rake. [Oily chemoembolization of pancreatic arteries in patients with locally advanced cancer]. Prakticheskaya onkologiya. 2004; 5(2):108-114 [In Russ].

5.     A.A., Tarazov P.G., Ivanova A.A., Alejnikova O.V. Diagnostika I lechenie toksicheskih oslozhnenij regionarnoj himioterapii, provodimoj cherez chreskozhno implantiruemye sistemy. [Diagnostics and treatment of toxic complications of regional chemotherapy through port-system] Diagnosticheskaya i intervencionnaya radiologiya. 2007; 1 (3): 46-51. [In Russ].

6.     Chandrasekar B., Doucet S., Bilodeau L. et al. Complications of cardiac catheterization in the current era: a single-center experience. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2001; 52(3):289-295.

7.     Sherev D.A., Shaw R.E., Brent B.N. Angiographic predictors of femoral access site complications: implication for planned percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005; 65(2): 196-202.

8.     Tavris D.R., Gallauresi B.A., Lin B. et al. Risk of local adverse events following cardiac catheterisation by hemostasis device use and gender. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2004; 16(9):459-464.

9.     Mclvor J., Rhymer J.C. 245 transaxillary arteriograms in arteriopathic patients: success rate and complications. Gin. Radiol. 1992; 45: 390-394.

10.   Jolly S.S., Yusuf S., Cairns J. et al. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2011; 377(9775):1409-1420.

11.   Kanei Y, Kwan T.,  NakraN.C. et al. Transradial cardiac catheterization: A review of access site complications. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011.

12.   Caputo R.P., Tremmel J.A., Rao S. et al. Transradial arterial access for coronary and peripheral procedures: Executive summary by the transradial committee of the SCAI. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011.

Abstract:

We present case report of patient, with recurrent pulmonary bleeding of malignant genesis and ineffective previous endoscopic hemostasis. During embolization of bronchial artery, to stop massive life-threatening pulmonary bleeding, transradial approach was used for the first time. Full bleeding control was reached after embolization of right bronchial artery with use of microspheres through microcatheter 2,8 Fr. During hospital stage, recurrence of bleeding was not notices; patient discharged on the 7th day in satisfactory condition.

Duration of procedure and radiation exposure at this patient were comparable with same parameters in case of transfemoral approach. Main advantages of this vascular access are increased comfort of the patient after the procedure and the possibility of early activization. Besides, use of transradial vascular approach provides decreased frequency of complications, that is very important among patients with signs of respiratory insufficiency, because of the inability of these patients to stay in bed within a day. 

References 

1.    Cowling M.G., Belli A.M. A potential pitfall in bronchial artery embolization. Clin. Radiol. 1995; 50: 105-107.

2.    Haponik E.F., Fein A., Chin R. Managing life-threatening hemoptysis: has anything really changed? Chest. 2000; 118: 1431-1435.

3.    Hirshberg B., Biran I., Glazer M. et al. Hemoptysis: etiology, evaluation, and outcome in a tertiary referral hospital. Chest. 1997; 112: 440-444.

4.    Saluja S., Henderson K.J., White R.I. Embolotherapy in the bronchial and pulmonary circulations. Radiol. Clin. North Am. 2000; 38: 425-448.

5.    Chandrasekar B., Doucet S., Bilodeau L. et al. Complications of cardiac catheterization in the current era: a single-center experience. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2001; 52(3): 289-295.

6.    Sherev D.A., Shaw R.E., Brent B.N. Angiographic predictors of femoral access site complications: implication for planned percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005; 65(2): 196-202.

7.    Tavris D.R., Gallauresi B.A., Lin B. et al. Risk of local adverse events following cardiac catheterisation by hemostasis device use and gender. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2004; 16(9): 459-464.

8.    Mc. Ivor J., Rhymer J.C. 245 transaxillary arteriograms in arteriopathic patients: success rate and complications. Gin. Radiol. 1992; 45: 390-394.

9.    Jolly S.S., Yusuf S., Cairns J. et al. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2011; 377(9775): 1409-1420.

10.  Kanei Y, Kwan T., Nakra N.C. et al. Transradial cardiac catheterization: A review of access site complications. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011.

11.  Caputo R.P., Tremmel J.A., Rao S. et al. Transradial arterial access for coronary and peripheral procedures: Executive summary by the transradial committee of the SCAI. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011.

Abstract:

Comparative analysis of transradial and transfemoral approach for uterine artery embolization is presented.

Materials and methods: for the period from september 2013 to december 2014, 58 women underwent uterine artery embolization (UAE). Age varied from 25 to 49. Transradial approach (TRA) was used in 26 patients (44,8%), transfemoral approach (TFA) - in 32 patients (55,2%).

Results: uterine artery embolization was successful in all patients in both groups. Operation duration was 20,7 minutes in TRA group and 26,3 in TFA group (p>0,05). Mean number of used catheters was lower in TRA group (1,2 and 2,3 respectively p>0,02). In early post-operative period there was no complication in access place in TRA group, in 2 cases (7,7%) small subcutaneous hematomas were noted. They didn't require any special treatment. In TFA group, in 1 case (3.1%) it was noted the presence of hematoma, 5 cm in diameter, and in 4 cases (12,5%) - there were small subcutaneous hematomas that didn't require any special treatment. The usage of TRA is associated with a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of all parameters of discomfort, associated with UAE and improving the quality of life of patients in the early post-operative period compared with TFA. Significantly more often in patients with TRA group compared to the group TFA completely absent from the discomfort associated with the procedure (61.5% and 6.25%, respectively, p <0,001).

Conclusions: the use of TRA allowed to decrease an average of 29.6% of total duration of the intervention, decrease up to 51.5% of time spent on the uterine artery catheterization and 40.8% patient radiation dose. In addition, TRA allowed early mobilization of patients and reduced by 59% the incidence of discomfort associated with the UAE.  

References

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2.     Kjerulff K.H., Langenberg P.W., Rhodes J.C. et al. Effectiveness of hysterectomy. Obstet. Gynecol. 2000; 95:319-326.

3.     Kiseljov S.I. Sovremennye podhody k hirurgicheskomu lecheniju bol’nyh miomoj matki. Aftoreferat. Diss. dokt. med. nauk [Modern approaches to surgical treatment of patients with uterine fibroid. Dr. med. sci. diss.]. Moscow/ 2003: 46 [In Russ].

4.     Hutchins F.L., Worthington-Kirsch R., Berkowits R.P. Selective uterine artery embolization as primary treatment for symptomatic leiomyomata uteri. J. Am. Assoc. Gynecol. Laparosc. 1999; 6: 279-284.

5.     Strizhakov A.N., Davydov A.I., Pashkov V.M., Lebedev V.A. Dobrokachestvennye zabolevanija matki [Benign disease of uterus]. Moscow 2011: 281 [In Russ].

6.     Oliver J.A.Jr., Lance J. Selective embolization to control massive hemorrhage following pelvic surgery. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1979; 135: 431-432.

7.     Ravina J.H., Herbreteau D., Ciraru-Vigneron N. et al. Arterial embolisation to treat uterine myomata. Lancet. 1995; 346(8976): 671-672.

8.     Worthington-Kirsch R.L., Andrews R.T., Siskin G.P. et al. Uterine fibroid embolization: technical aspects. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2002; 5: 17-34.

9.     Tavris D.R., Gallauresi B.A., Lin B. et al. Risk of local adverse events following cardiac catheterisation by hemostasis device use and gender. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2004; 16(9): 459-464.

10.   Mclvor J., Rhymer J.C. 245 transaxillary arteriograms in arteriopathic patients: success rate and complications. Gin. Radiol. 1992; 45: 390-394.

11.   Jolly S.S., Yusuf S., Cairns J. et al. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2011; 377(9775): 1409-1420.

12.   Kanei Y, Kwan T., NakraN.C. et al. Transradial cardiac catheterization: A review of access site complications. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011; 78(6): 840-846.

13.   Caputo R.P., Tremmel J.A., Rao S. et al. Transradial arterial access for coronary and peripheral procedures: Executive summary by the transradial committee of the SCAI. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011; 78(6): 823-839.

Sherev D.A., Shaw R.E., Brent B.N. Angiographic predictors of femoral access site complications: implication for planned percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005; 65(2): 196-202.

Abstract:

The article is devoted to one of the most modern methods of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - endovascular prostatic artery embolization (PAE). This kind of intervention is performed, usually, with approach through the common femoral artery Transradial vascular approach has many advantages over the femoral approach, but its use in this type of intervention is currently limited.

Aim: was to conduct a comparative analysis of the use of transradial and transfemoral vascular approach when performing PAE.

Materials and methods: in a group of transradial approach included 24 patients, and in the femoral approach group - 23 patients

Results: success rate of the procedure and the frequency of complications of vascular approach were comparable between groups. The total duration of the procedure, the time spent on catheterization of internal iliac and prostatic arteries, radiation exposure dose were significantly lower in the group of transradial approach. Using the transradial approach is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of the discomfort associated with the procedure.

References

1.     Lee C., Kozlowski J.M., Grayhack J.T. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling benigh prostatic growth. Prostate. 1997; 31(2):131-138.

2.     American Urological Association: Guideline on the Management of Benigh Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Revised 2010.

3.     Appleton D.S., Sibley G.N., Doyle P.T. Internal iliac artery embolisation for the control of severe bladder and prostate haemorrhage. Br. J. Urol. 1988;61(1):45-47.

4.     Michel F., Dubruille T., Cercueil J.P. et al. Arterial embolization for massive hematuria following transurethral prostatectomy. J. Urol. 2002; 168(6):2550-2551.

5.     Rastinehad A.R., Caplin D.M., Ost M.C. et al. Selective arterial prostatic embolization (SAPE) for refractory hematuria of prostatic origin. Urology. 2008;71(2):181- 184.

6.     DeMeritt J.S., Elmasri F.F., Esposito M.P. et al. Relief of benign prostatic hyperplasia-related bladder outlet obstruction after transarterial polyvinyl alcohol prostate embolization. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2000;11(6):767-770.

7.     Carnevale F.C., Antunes A.A., da Motta Leal Filho J.M. et al. Prostatic artery embolization as a primary treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia: preliminary results in two patients. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2010;33(2): 355-361.

8.     Worthington-Kirsch R.L., Andrews R.T., Siskin G.P. et al. Uterine fibroid embolization: technical aspects. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2002;5:17-34.

9.     Carnevale F.C., da Motta-Leal-Filho J.M., Antunes A.A. et al. Quality of life and symptoms relief support prostatic artery embolization for patients with acute urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2012;24:535-542.

10.   Bilhim T., Pisco J., Rio Tinto H. et al. Unilateral versus bilateral prostatic arterial embolization for lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with prostate enlargement. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2013;36(2):403-411.

11.   Mclvor J., Rhymer J.C. 245 transaxillary arteriograms in arteriopathic patients: success rate and complications. Clin. Radiol. 1992;45(6):390-394.

12.   Jolly S.S., Yusuf S., Cairns J. et al. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2011; 377(9775):1409-1420.

13.   Tavris D.R., Gallauresi B.A., Lin B. et al. Risk of local adverse events following cardiac catheterisation by hemostasis device use and gender. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2004; 16(9):459-464.

14.   Kanei Y, Kwan T., Nakra N.C. et al. Transradial cardiac catheterization: A review of access site complications. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011;78(6):840-846.

15.   Caputo R.P, Tremmel J.A., Rao S. et al. Transradial arterial access for coronary and peripheral procedures: Executive summary by the transradial committee of the SCAI. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011;78(6):823-839.

16.   Sherev D.A., Shaw R.E., Brent B.N. Angiographic predictors of femoral access site complications: implication for planned percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005;65(2):196-202.